MS培养基是Murashige和Skoog于1962年为烟草细胞培养设计的，其特点是无机盐和离子浓度较高，是较稳定的离子平衡溶液，它的**盐含量高，其养分的数量和比例合适，能满足植物细胞的营养和生理需要，因而适用范围比较广，多数植物组织培养快速繁殖用它作为培养基的基本培养基。 基于此，这种培养基就用他们的名字来命名了。

MS培养基是目前使用最普遍的培养基。其具有较高的无机盐浓度，能够保证组织生长所需的矿质营养还能加速愈伤组织的生长。由于配方中的离子浓度高，在配制、贮存和消毒等过程中，即使有些成分略有出入，也不会影响离子间的平衡。MS固体培养基可用于诱导愈伤组织，也可用于胚、茎段、茎尖及花药的培养，其液体培养基用于细胞悬浮培养时能获得明显的成功。MS培养基的无机养分的数量和比例比较合适，足以满足植物细胞在营养上和生理上的需要。因此，一般情况下，不用再添加氨基酸、酪蛋白水解物、酵母提取物及椰子汁等有机附加成分。和其它培养基的基本成分相比，MS培养基中的**盐、钾和铵的含量高，这是它的显著特点。

MS medium is the most used tissue culture medium, of which many variations have been developed. The medium is originated from White’s medium and originally developed for the cultivation of Nicotiana tabacum calli. Compared to White medium, the concentration of all ingredients is increased. An increase to 50-60 mM nitrogen stimulated the growth of Nicotiana cells significantly, however a concentration of 80 mM and higher was clearly disadvantageous to the cells. The increase of all other elements, especially the macro -elements, also stimulated the growth of the calli. Due to the high concentration of minerals, MS medium is a very rich and -saline -medium and may be too salty to certain plant species. To avoid this problem, MS is often used with the micro elements in full concentration, but with the macro elements in respectively half or three-quarter of the concentration as originally described by the authors. Sometimes the original MS vitamines are replaced by the vitamins of Linsmaier and Gamborg B5 medium regarding the higher concentration of Thiamine in relation to the requirement of this vitamin by plants.

Total concentration Micro and Macro elements including vitamins: 4405.19 mg/l

Murashige T. and Skoog F., Physiol. Plant, 15, 473 (1962).